PhD researcher hopes animal genetics can lead to zero hunger

Benin scientist Loukaiya Zorobouragui grew up herding cattle with her young brother – an experience which pushed her to become a cattle breeder and a researcher who delves into animals’ genetic potential to improve their resilience to climate change.

Zorobouragui was among 30 women who were presented with the L’Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Young Talents Sub-Saharan Africa Award during a ceremony held in her country in December.

Her commitment and passion for agricultural innovation has earned her other awards and scholarships as well.

These include the prestigious Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship Programme (MSCFP) from the International Atomic Energy Agency, which supported her research in the field of nuclear techniques that can be applied to agriculture; the merit scholarship from the Islamic Development Bank, which financed part of her doctoral studies and the One Planet Fellowship Programme, initiated by the African Women in Agricultural Research and Development, which is an initiative that aims to strengthen the capacities of African women scientists in the field of agricultural research and project management.

She spoke to University World News about how her experience as a cattle breeder is closely linked to her research and what the driving forces in her life have been.

UWN: Tell us about your educational journey.

LZ: I grew up in northern Benin, where I completed my primary and secondary school studies, obtaining my baccalaureate in 2016. I then joined the faculty of agronomy of the University of Parakou, also in the country’s northern region.

I obtained my bachelor degree in the science and technology of animal and fisheries production (agronomy) and my masters degree in animal production, specialising in genetics and animal conservation.

Currently, I am a doctoral student in genetics and animal conservation at the Doctoral School of Agronomic and Water Sciences of the University of Parakou. I am also a research assistant at the Laboratory of Ecology, Health and Animal Production in the Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou.

UWN: What research contributed to your receiving this award?

LZ: My research focuses on the genetic improvement of Goudali cattle, combining bioinformatics and molecular genetics.

This work provides essential knowledge to address animal protein shortages, reduce import dependency and contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal pursing zero hunger (SDG 2) by 2030.

UWN: How did you become a cattle breeder?

LZ: My experience with animals goes back to my childhood. I grew up in a family in which traditional farming was the main activity. The oxen were used for ploughing, and my little brother and I were in charge of grazing them after their work in the fields.

This familiarity with the agricultural world probably sowed the seeds, which grew into my current interest in livestock farming.

As a small-scale cattle breeder, I am at the beginning of my journey, but I have a clear vision of my role in the development of livestock farming in Benin.

My choice to get into livestock farming is motivated by several factors. I am passionate about the idea of integrating new technologies into traditional livestock farming practices to improve productivity and sustainability. In this way, I want to create a concrete example for other livestock farmers, assuring them that innovative methods can be successfully implemented.

However, my career choice was not directly influenced by these activities. From a young age, I dreamed of becoming a veterinarian and devoting myself to animal health research. I was deeply affected by the dedication of the veterinary professionals I met, and I developed a great sensitivity about animal welfare.

Unfortunately, financial constraints hindered the realisation of this dream. Thanks to the support of my uncle, Séro Zorobouragui, the Alibori departmental coordinator of the Economic and Social Council of Benin, I was able to pursue higher education in agronomy, which provided me with a solid foundation for my future projects.

Today, my experience as a breeder is closely linked to my research. It allows me to better understand the challenges faced by breeders in the field, and to direct my work towards concrete solutions adapted to their needs.

UWN: How does your work relate to mitigating the effects of climate change?

LZ: Indigenous breeds, which are often better adapted to local climatic conditions, including temperature variations and resource availability, represent a valuable asset in the fight against the effects of climate change.

Studying their genetic potential can identify the genes responsible for their resistance to drought, heat or disease, thus providing tools to improve the resilience of animal populations to climate change.

By improving the efficiency of animal production through genetic selection, it is possible to reduce the carbon footprint of livestock farming.

More productive animals require fewer resources, feed, water, and so on, to produce the same amount of milk or meat, which reduces greenhouse gas emissions associated with livestock farming.

It is, therefore, essential to unlock the genetic potential of indigenous breeds. This approach makes it possible to valorise a unique genetic heritage, the result of centuries of adaptation to local conditions, and to improve the productivity and resilience of animals.

UWN: As a woman in science, you said you experienced gender bias?

LZ: As a female scientist, I have, indeed, encountered obstacles that are, unfortunately, still too common in the academic and professional world.

Gender bias persists and manifests itself in various ways. I have personally been confronted with derogatory remarks or condescending attitudes, insinuating that my place was not legitimate in this field.

Gender stereotypes have a significant impact on the career paths of young girls. From childhood, they are often assigned different roles and interests than boys, which can discourage them from pursuing scientific careers.

There are still too few female role models in science, and the stereotypes conveyed by society can discourage girls who would be interested in these careers. It is essential to fight these stereotypes and promote equal opportunities from an early age to allow all girls to realise their potential.

It is important to emphasise that changes are needed at the institutional and societal level to create a more inclusive and equitable environment for women scientists.

UWN: You are a doctoral candidate, you work as a research assistant and you are also a cattle breeder? How do you maintain a work-life balance?

LZ: The issue of work-life balance is a major challenge for many women, and scientists are no exception. The demands of research, long working hours and frequent travel can make it difficult to reconcile your work with family responsibilities, which often still fall disproportionately on women. I have had to face difficult choices and find creative solutions to balance my career and personal life.

My different roles actually complement each other. My academic research informs my approach to cattle breeding, allowing me to apply the latest scientific knowledge to improve my practices.

Conversely, my practical experience as a farmer provides me with valuable insights and practical knowledge that enrich my research. This interplay between theory and practice is a constant source of learning and innovation.

Effective time management is crucial. I rely heavily on planning and scheduling to allocate sufficient time to each of my responsibilities. I prioritise tasks based on deadlines and importance, and I am not afraid to delegate or ask for help when needed. Ultimately, my passion for animal genetics and sustainable agriculture motivates me.

UWN: Any advice for girls, women or to people of minority backgrounds underrepresented in science?

LZ: Believing in yourself and your potential is essential to succeeding in science. Don’t let anyone tell you that you don’t belong: stereotypes and biases should not hold you back.

Your passion and determination are your greatest assets. Don’t be afraid to ask questions, share your ideas and defend your point of view. Seek out role models and mentorship.

Mentorship and access to role models are essential to succeeding in science. Take inspiration from women and minorities who have succeeded in science: their experience is a source of motivation and strength.